Xinru Tang

About

I am a Ph.D. candidate at Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine. I am advised by Dr. Anne Marie Piper as a member of Accessibility Research Collective. I work and collaborate across disciplines, e.g., I spent wonderful time at Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy (MPI-SP), working on inclusive security and privacy. Outside school, I volunteer with AImpower.org to co-design and develop language and communication technologies with and for people who stutter.

Research Interests

AI datasets and systems are often developed through simplified assumptions and perspectives that fail to reflect human complexities. My work bridges HCI, responsible AI, and accessibility to study, design, and develop AI as socio-technical systems that better serve the infinite possibilities of human experiences, perspectives, and knowledge.

My current focus is to develop “Cripping AI”, a guiding framework that centers lived disability experiences to (1) interrogate the constrained assumptions underlying AI development and (2) transform the foundations of AI systems to support human differences.

Across modalities and domains, I work with disabled communities, showing how disability knowledge can help advance human-centered AI across the entire development pipeline, including:

• Task Conceptualization, e.g., through analyzing deaf communities' translation work, I reframe machine translation from a language-to-language mapping task to a languaging activity to better account for fluidity in human language use [1].
• Data Representation, e.g., my disability-led annotation work challenges the boundary of "speech" and reveals speakers' lived experiences as a key form of expertise to speech dataset creation [2].
• Design & Evaluation, e.g., my work on visual AI for blind people shows subjectivity inherent in visual descriptions and limitations in design and evaluation frameworks that privilege sighted perspectives [3, 4].
• Deployment & Impact, e.g., my ongoing work examines disabled people's experiences with AI systems in real-world scenarios such as work, productivity, and employment.

My work has appeared in top-tier venues in human-centered computing and Responsible AI including ACM CHI, CSCW, FAccT, DIS, and IEEE S&P. I have received recognitions including two Honorable Mention Awards from CHI and two Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) recognitions from CSCW.

Selected Publications

Rethinking AI Development Through Lived Disability Experience

Cripping AI: Reimagining AI Through Lived Disability Experiences
Xinru Tang, Ting-an Lin, Jingjin Li and Shaomei Wu
@FAccT2026 [PDF] [ACM] [slides]

Reimagining Sign Language Technologies: Analyzing Translation Work of Chinese Deaf Online Content Creators
Xinru Tang and Anne Marie Piper
@CHI2026 [PDF] [ACM] [slides]
*Honorable Mention Award (Top 5%)

Everyday Uncertainty: How Blind People Use GenAI Tools for Information Access
Xinru Tang, Ali Abdolrahmani, Darren Gergle and Anne Marie Piper
@CHI2025 [PDF] [ACM] [slides]

Developing Disability-Centered AI Practices

Disability-First AI Dataset Annotation: Co-designing Stuttered Speech Annotation Guidelines with People Who Stutter
Xinru Tang, Jingjin Li and Shaomei Wu
@CHI2026 [PDF] [ACM] [slides]

"It's trained by non-disabled people": Evaluating How Image Quality Affects Product Captioning with VLMs
Kapil Garg, Xinru Tang, Jimin Heo, Dwayne R Morgan, Darren Gergle, Erik B Sudderth and Anne Marie Piper
@CHI2026 [PDF] [ACM]
*Honorable Mention Award (Top 5%)

Critical Perspectives on Accessibility & Inclusive Design

Beyond "Vulnerable Populations'': A Unified Understanding of Vulnerability From A Socio-Ecological Perspective
Xinru Tang, Gabriel Lima, Li Jiang, Lucy Simko and Yixin Zou
@CSCW2025 [PDF] [ACM] [slides] [blog]
*Recognition for Contribution to Diversity and Inclusion

Access in the Shadow of Ableism: An Autoethnography of a Blind Student's Higher Education Experience in China
Weijun Zhang* and Xinru Tang*
@CHI2026 [PDF] [ACM]

Designing for Collective Access: In Search of a Solution to Accessible Communication in a Mixed-Ability Non-Profit
Xinru Tang and Anne Marie Piper
@DIS2026 [PDF] [ACM]